Post-sale discounts are reductions in price given by a seller to their buyers either during the transaction, after the sale is completed, or upon the achievement of specific targets. This article will discuss how post-sale discounts impact the value of supply under GST.Key takeawaysBudget 2026: Sections 15 and 34 shall be amended to remove the requirement of linking post-sale discounts to a prior agreement or to specific invoices. Hence, if a supplier issues a credit note for a post-sale discount and the recipient reverses the related Input Tax Credit (ITC), the discount can be reduced from the taxable value even if it was not agreed upfront.Reduce the discount from the value of supply where- The discount was part of agreement/terms before or at the time of supply, states CGST Section 15(3)(b)(i).Another condition is one must link such discounts to the original invoice.As per the recommendations at the 56th GST Council meeting, the above two conditions will be omitted from the provision after the amendment of the CGST Act. Accordingly, one need not comply with the conditions for reducing discount from the value of supply, whenever the law is amended.Recipients must carry out ITC reversal for such discounts. However, when suppliers issue financial/commercial credit notes without reducing tax liability, recipients need not reverse ITC because the original value and tax remain unchanged.Service-linked/promotional discounts can constitute consideration and may attract GST.

Invoice automation, or e-invoicing, has changed the approach towards invoice management for enterprises, especially those headquartered in India with subsidiaries or branches across the globe. For them, e-invoicing is no longer a single-country compliance. With e-invoicing finance automation, the finance team's role shifts from mere compliance management to providing data-driven insights, thereby supporting decision-making. As they must manage India's GST e-invoicing while simultaneously complying with diverse global laws and regulations, this drives finance transformation.Key TakeawaysE-invoicing serves as a compliance tool for both local and global entities, delivering strategic value to the enterprise as a whole.Finance teams benefit most from improved efficiency and accuracy.A unified e-invoicing system enables the finance teams at Indian headquarters to manage risk, cash flow, and audit readiness across various jurisdictions.The successful adoption of the e-invoicing system requires redesigning processes and thought in the finance team.Role of e-Invoicing in Finance TransformationTransformation in the finance department is always linked to the use of digital/automation tools to improve performance and save costs. E-invoicing is the first step towards financial transformation, as it relates to the enterprise's revenue and cash flow.E-invoicing involves replacing unstructured and manual invoice formats with properly structured, machine-readable, electronically generated invoices.

Many of the world’s largest economies are going live with e-invoicing simultaneously, from Europe and the Middle East to parts of Asia and, most recently, Australia. India-based MNCs have an upper hand since they have been through the world’s most complex e-invoicing systems. However, the challenge in implementing e-invoicing for multiple countries is now different as it is about scaling that competence to a multi-country environment where no two jurisdictions are identical. Read on to learn more about the global e-invoicing tracker.Key TakeawaysOver 90 countries have e-invoicing mandates 2025 in place or going live. It drives global tax transparency, efficiency, and prevents fraud.E-invoicing implementation is forecasted to grow into a USD 15.5 billion market by 2026, with countries shifting toward Continuous Transaction Controls (CTC).Between 2025–2030, Poland, France, Germany, the UAE, Malaysia, and South Africa are implementing as well, defining the next wave of global rollouts.The global e-invoicing readiness checklist allows businesses to assess readiness across six pillars, such as the strategy, architecture, data, operations, compliance, and partner capabilities.Global E-Invoicing OverviewGlobal e-invoicing means the adoption of e-invoicing systems in various countries across the globe by multinational business enterprises.

Automobile tyres mostly use natural rubber as inputs. However, applicable GST rates on tyres vary significantly compared to other rubber-derived finished products, like gloves, latex threads, etc. In addition, GST rates on different tyres also differ widely. This article discusses the applicability of GST rates and HSN codes of various kinds of tyres, with the latest updates from the 56th GST Council Meeting 2025. Latest UpdateThe 56th GST Council meeting has announced and CBIC has notified changes in GST on tyres with effective from 22nd September 2025-New Pneumatic tyres: GST is reduced from 28% to 18%, covering tyres for bicycles, cycle-rickshaws, and three-wheeled powered cycle rickshaws.Tractor tyres and tubes: GST is reduced from 18% to 5%, covering rear tractor tyres, tyres for tractors, and tubes for tractor tyres.Tyre cord fabric: GST is reduced from 12% to 5%, including high tenacity yarn of nylon, polyamides, polyesters, or viscose rayon.Pre-GST era taxation of TyresBefore the introduction of GST, tyre manufacturers, dealers and traders had to deal with multiple types of indirect taxes.Pre-GST, basic customs duty (BCD) for importing natural dry rubber was around 20%.Post-manufacturing, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) were required to pay Value Added Tax, Central Excise, etc. Dealers and traders paid state-specific taxes such as sales tax and octroi.GST unified all these different taxes with a single tax structure throughout India. For GST applicability purposes, tyre as a product segment is further categorised, with specific HSN for each category, Car (4-wheeler) tyres Non-motorised bicycle tyres Motorised 2-wheeler tyres Bus and commercial vehicle tyres Tyres used in agricultural-use vehicles Aviation tyres Retreaded second-hand or used or recycled tyres What is the GST on Tyres? Tyres fall under the scope of supply definition in the GST law and is taxed on a normal charge.

As we move towards 2026, the landscape in which Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) are operating is changing drastically, and what is required in terms of capabilities goes way beyond financial management. The role of CFO in the 2026 business world has moved far beyond its traditional financial lane. CFO challenges in 2026 are no longer just one or two problems but a network of economic strains, technological advancements, and a high stakeholder demand. To the finance leaders in India and worldwide, their reaction to these intertwined CFO challenges in 2026 will determine the future of their company years ahead.The Evolving Role of the CFOThe long-standing perception of the CFO as a backward-looking financial controller is now obsolete. In 2026, the role of the CFO has decisively shifted towards that of a strategic partner to the CEO, integral to shaping the company's future.

Sustainable economies value long-term environmental wellness, social balance, and durable growth. They seek to disconnect progress from resource depletion so that economic activity will be sustainable for the long term without eroding ecosystems or future generations. Considering sustainable economies in 2026, we realise that combining economic growth and environmental stewardship is no longer a choice; its necessity becomes apparent. Characteristics of a Sustainable EconomyLow-carbon energy, effective resource use, and social inclusion are all components of a sustainable economy's growth model. By reusing and recycling to close wasteful loops, these economies emphasise sustainability and the circular economy while meeting present needs without endangering future generations. The main characteristics are maximum use of renewable energy and efficiency, circular production, healthy ecosystems, and investment in resilient infrastructure. As fair wealth distribution policies encourage inclusive growth, governance frameworks and business models improve and adapt to support sustainability by implementing practices like net-zero targets and ethical supply chains. These qualities construct an economy that can grow while retaining environmental and social capital for future generations.

India’s digital footprint has grown fast over the last decade. With that growth comes a basic responsibility: handle people’s personal data with more care. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, which came into force on 11 August 2023, and the DPDP Rules, 2025, effective 14 November 2025, now set the expectations clearly.This update isn’t a light policy tweak. It affects how organisations collect data, store it, use it and retire it. It also shapes decisions in product, security, HR, marketing and vendor management.

Many small businesses perennially feel hard-pressed when it comes to managing financial liquidity. So, they resort to short-term loans whenever payments get delayed or unforeseen expenses arise. However, processing conventional business loans takes time. Lenders require collaterals or submitting tax returns to prove a stable flow of income. GST business loans solve many of these problems.This article discusses business loans against GST returns, their features and benefits, application procedures, etc. What is a GST Business Loan?After the government's introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017, banks launched a new type of short-term loan product for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to finance their working capital requirements.

India has just taken one of its most significant steps in modernising the world of work. On 21 November 2025, four primary Labour Codes finally came into effect. Replacing 29 older laws with a cleaner, unified framework.For years, companies have struggled with fragmented rules, state-by-state variations, outdated definitions, and a compliance landscape that felt like a maze with moving walls. The new Codes are meant to change that. Whether they'll make life easier will depend on how well organisations prepare over the next few months.This breaks down what the new laws really mean, what's likely to happen in the coming days, and how businesses can gear up without feeling overwhelmed.Key TakeawaysIndia’s labour law framework has been overhauled, replacing 29 laws with four unified, modern Codes.Wage structures will need immediate recalibration due to the new wage definition and minimum wage alignment.Social security coverage now extends to gig, platform, and contract workers, expanding employer responsibilities.Industrial relations, layoffs, and dispute processes are more structured, requiring updated HR and IR practices.Stricter safety, health, and working-condition standards demand operational changes and stronger documentation.Organisations must prepare proactively, as state-level rules and notifications will drive rapid implementation.Why This Change MattersThe four new Codes:Code on Wages,Code on Social Security,Industrial Relations Code, andOccupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code Together, reshape almost everything about how India regulates work: salaries, hiring, benefits, exits, safety, and even gig work.For businesses, this is not a minor compliance tweak.

Understanding the taxability also involves knowing whether the item is exempt or not under GST. Due to the scope of taxable supplies being widened under GST, exemptions under GST have clearly been defined. Not just knowing the exemption list, but also understanding the implication of an item being exempt is important as certain conditions are attached to it like reversing the ITC.Also, what can be nil-rated today may become charged a higher tax rate in the future. Hence, clearly demarking the various terms such as Nil Rated, Exempt, Zero-rated and Non-GST supplies under GST is important. Read through and get the complete list of all the GST exemptions notified on Goods at a click of a button!.Also, click here to view the complete list of exempted services under GST.Key TakeawaysExempt supplies under GST include nil-rated supplies, supplies wholly or partially exempted by government notification, and non-taxable supplies like alcoholic liquor for human consumption.Exempt goods and services do not attract GST, and input tax credit (ITC) for such supplies cannot be claimed or utilized.Exemptions are granted by the Central or State Governments via notification, based on GST Council recommendations, and aim to serve public interest.Exemptions can be absolute (no conditions) like electricity transmission or conditional, such as healthcare services with capped room charges.Different classifications under GST include exempt, nil-rated (0% tax), zero-rated (exports), non-taxable (not yet notified), and non-GST supplies (outside GST scope).Exempted goods include essential food items, raw materials, certain healthcare products, agricultural goods, jewelry like plastic bangles, and printed books, among others.What is Exempt SupplyExempt supplies comprise the following three types of supplies:Supplies taxable at a ‘NIL’ rate of tax* (0% tax);Supplies that are wholly or partially exempted from CGST or IGST, by way of a notification amending Section 11 of CGST Act or Section 6 of IGST Act;Non-taxable supplies as defined under Section 2(78) – supplies that are not taxable under the Act (For Example Alcoholic liquor for human consumption)Tax need not be paid on these supplies.