As per the Income Tax Act, depreciation is allowed as an expense for the computation of income. There are two methods of calculating depreciation, i.e. Written down Value (WDV) method and Straight Line Method (SLM). Income tax allows WDV method of depreciation. Also, income tax allows to deduct additional depreciation as explained below:
Additional Depreciation
In case of any new machinery or plant (excluding ships and aircraft) acquired and installed after March 31, 2005 by an assessee who is engaged in the business of manufacture or production of any article or thing – additional depreciation under Income Tax Act of 20% of actual cost shall be allowed.
From
A.Y. 2013-14 the same is also allowed to assessee engaged in the
business of generation or generation and distribution of power, where
the depreciation is provided on WDV method as per Appendix I.
From assessment year 2017-18 the same is also allowed to the assessee engaged in the business of transmission of power.
Where the asset is used for less than 180 days then 50% depreciation i.e, 1/2 of 20% (i.e. 10%) is available (Balance 50% of Additional Depreciation can be claimed in next year)
No such additional deduction will be allowed in respect of machinery or plant—
- Used by any other person in India or outside India before its installation.
- Installed in any office premises or any residential accommodation,
- including a guest house.
- Any office appliances or road transport vehicles.
- The whole of actual cost of which is allowed as a deduction in computing income for tax purposes in any one previous year.
The Provision inserted vide Finance Act, 2015 with effect from 01.04.2016 provides for enhanced depreciation to the backward areas. An assessee sets up an undertaking or enterprise for manufacture or production of any article or thing, on or after the 1st day of April 2015 in any backward area notified by the Central Government on this behalf-
- in the State of Andhra Pradesh; or
- in the State of Bihar; or
- in the State of Telangana; or
- in the State of West Bengal
Such Assessee acquires and installs new machinery, other than ships and aircraft, then the additional depreciation is available to such undertaking or enterprise for the period from 01.04.2015 to 31.03.2020 at 35% instead of 20%.
Non Applicability
On the following Plant and Machinery (P&M) no Additional Depreciation can be claimed-
- Additional Depreciation is only on Plant and Machinery and not other assets like Furniture and Buildings.
- Ships and Aircrafts
- Second hand or used P & M
- P & M used in office/Home/Guesthouse
- Office Appliances
- Road Transport Vehicles(Car etc)
- 100% Depreciable Assets (like Pollution Control Equipments)
Additional Depreciation is only for factories or power generation units, not for dealer or service providers.
Computation
For Machinery, General Rate of Depreciation is 15%. In addition, 20% Depreciation will be available in the first year for Industrial Undertaking and Power Generation Distribution business.
Hence, total 15%+20%=35% Depreciation will be available in the first year.
However, if assets used for less than 180 days, then ½ of 35%(15%Normal Dep +20% Additional Dep) will be available.
Balance half of both Normal and Additional Depreciation can be claimed in next year.
Case- ABC Ltd., a manufacturing concern, furnishes the following particulars:
- Opening Written Down Value (WDV) of plant and machinery as on 1.4.2017 is Rs. 30,00,000
- New plant and machinery purchased and put to use on 08.06.2017 – Rs. 20,00,000
- New plant and machinery acquired and put to use on 15.12.2017 – Rs. 8,00,000
- Computer acquired and installed in the office premises on 2.1.2018 – Rs. 3,00,000
The amount of depreciation and additional depreciation under Income Tax Act for the A.Y. 2018-19 is computed as follows-
There are 2 blocks namely,
- Plant and Machinery: Depreciation Rate 15%
- Computer: Depreciation Rate 60%
However, Additional depreciation is available only on Plant and Machinery Full 20% Additional Depreciation on P&M acquired on 08.06.2017 will be available and 10% Depreciation on P&M acquired on 15.12.2017
*It is not available on computers as it is used in an office.
| Name of Asset | Block 1 Machine | Block 2 Computer |
| Depreciation Rate | 15% | 60% |
| Opening Value (Rs.) | 30,00,000 | 0 |
Add –
Purchases 180 days or more
Purchase Less than 180 days |
20,00,000
8,00,000 |
0
3,00,000 |
| Less – Sales During Year | 0 | 0 |
| Closing Value before Depreciation | 58,00,000 | 3,00,000 |
| Depreciation | 8,10,000 | 90,000 |
| | (30,00,000+20,00,000)*15%
+
8,00,000*15%*1/2 | 3,00,000*60%*1/2 |
| Additional Depreciation | 4,80,000 | 0 |
| | (20,00,000*20%)+(8,00,000*10%) | (Used in Office) |
| Closing WDV (after Depreciation) | 45,10,000 | 2,10,000 |
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