The government, in order to encourage reinvestment of the capital gains made on the sale of capital assets by the seller, has provided with relief from capital gains tax if such capital gain is re-invested in certain specified assets within a specified time limit under section 54 to 54GB.
There may be instances where the taxpayer is unable to re-invest the capital gains in modes as specified in the Act before the filing of return of income or before the expiry of time to invest the gains. To address this, in order to enable the taxpayer to park his funds till they are invested for the prescribed purpose, the concept of Capital Gains Account Scheme (CGAS) was introduced.
Capital Gains Account Scheme was introduced in 1988 by the Central Government.
As mentioned above, the time limit available to the depositor for re-investment and avail the exemption, in many cases is longer than the due date to file the return of income. In such cases, the taxpayer is given an option of depositing such underutilised capital gains in ‘Capital Gains Account’ introduced under Capital Gains Account Scheme.
Any capital gain invested in Capital Gains Account Scheme will be eligible for capital gain exemption as it would in case of re-investment.
Category of the taxpayer with capital gains who is eligible to invest in CGAS from Section 54 to 54F of the Income-tax Act, 1961 “Act”, is provided below:
Section Number | Capital gains made on | Category of person |
54 | Sale of residential house | Individual or HUF |
54B | Sale of land used for agricultural purpose | Individual or HUF |
54D | Compulsory acquisition of land and building | Any taxpayer |
54E | Sale of any long term capital asset | Any taxpayer |
54EC | Sale of long term capital asset being land or building or both | Any taxpayer |
54F | Sale of any long term capital asset not being residential property | Individual or HUF |
54G | Transfer of asset (machinery, plant or building, land or right in land or building) in case of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area | Any taxpayer |
54GA | Transfer of asset/s (machinery, plant or building, land or right in land or building) in case of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area to Special Economic Zone | Any taxpayer |
54GB | Transfer of residential property | Any taxpayer |
Taxpayers who are unable to reinvest their capital gains in a specified investment before the prescribed time restriction for that investment has expired and before the income tax returns are filed must deposit the unutilized capital gains into the capital gains account. This must be completed prior to the filing of income tax returns. It should not be after the deadline for filing income tax returns.
The Income Tax Act, on the other hand, permits you to save on capital gains taxes by investing your whole capital gains in a residential property, or Section 54EC if you invest in capital gains bonds. These investments must be made either one year before the property is sold or within two years of the transaction.
But what if you are unable to invest your full long-term capital gains in a residential property before the deadline for filing your income tax return for the fiscal year? You must persuade the tax department that you want to invest the capital gains but require further time to do so. You can accomplish this by opening a Capital Gains Account Scheme (CGAS) with any scheduled bank. The money you put in here can be retrieved at any moment to help you buy or build a house and avoid paying long-term capital gains tax.
Capital gains account can be opened in any of the authorised bank branches excluding rural branches of such authorised banks.
Procedure to open capital gains account and manner of deposit:
Two types of deposits can be made under capital gains account scheme which is explained below:
The interest rate for both deposits is fixed by RBI from time to time. The depositor may choose the appropriate type of deposit keeping in mind his plans for specified investment, requirement of fund, rate of interest etc.
As mentioned there are no restrictions on withdrawal from Type A – savings account. While premature withdrawal from Type B account is allowed, it is allowed only after transferring the amount to Type A account and there may also be consequential penalty.
Any amount withdrawn is required to be utilised for specified investment within 60 days of withdrawal and any unutilised amount may be re-deposited to Type A account immediately.
Form C shall be submitted for withdrawal from an account for the first time and Form D for subsequent withdrawal providing details of the manner of utilisation of money withdrawn earlier. Hence, no chequebook or debit card is issued to the depositor.