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Under GST, Supply is considered a taxable event for charging tax. The liability to pay tax arises at the ‘time of supply of goods or services’. Thus, determining whether or not a transaction falls under the meaning of supply, is important to decide GST’s applicability.
Under the erstwhile indirect tax regime, there was no concept of Supply. The stage at which indirect taxes were levied varied under different tax laws. The ‘excise duty’ was charged on goods manufactured when they were taken out of the factory. ‘Service Tax’ was levied based on certain rules known as the ‘point of taxation’ rules, for services rendered. A VAT would arise on the value of the sale of goods or provision of services. The present system has merged all taxes to maintain a single taxable event.
Latest Updates:
21st December 2021
Paragraph 7 under Schedule II has been removed and included within Section 7 as a new clause (aa). Accordingly, the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to its members will be designated as supply.
1st February 2021
Union Budget 2021:
Section 7 of the CGST Act was amended to include a new clause under the definition of supply. Activities or transactions involving the supply of goods or services by any person, other than an individual, to its members or constituents or vice-versa, for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration. Earlier, this supply would have been considered as only supply of goods under schedule II. So, the scope is expanded now for levy.
Supply includes sale, transfer, exchange, barter, license, rental, lease and disposal. If a person undertakes either of these transactions during the course or furtherance of business for consideration, it will be covered under the meaning of Supply under GST.
Supply has two important elements:
If the aforementioned elements are not met with, it is not considered as a sale.
Examples:
However, as specified in Schedule I of GST Act, certain activities are considered as supply even if it is made without consideration.
There are a few supplies which are made together with two or more items. Such supplies are further classified into Composite Supply and Mixed Supply.
A supply comprising of two or more goods/services, which are necessarily supplied in conjunction with each other as per frequent business practices followed in that area. In other words, these items cannot be supplied individually. There is a principal supply and a secondary supply in the whole transaction. In such cases, the tax rate on principal supply will apply to the entire supply. E.g. Buying a Dry Fruit Gift Box for Diwali. It includes dry fruits, a box, and a wrapper. Box and wrapper cannot be sold individually without the main content which is dry fruit. This is a composite supply.
A supply comprising of two or more goods/services, wherein the supplies are independent of each other and are not necessarily required to be sold together is called a mixed supply. The first condition to be met for mixed supply is that ‘it should not be a composite supply’. In such cases, the tax rate that is higher of the two supplies will be applicable to the entire supply. E.g Buying a Christmas package consisting of cakes, aerated drinks, chocolates, Santa caps, and other gift items. Each of these items can be sold separately and are not dependent on each other. This is a mixed supply.
Import of goods/services with consideration is considered as supply whether for personal or business use.
Transfer – Transfer of title of goods
Activities considered as a supply of goods as per Schedule II of the GST Act |
Transfer of business assets: 1. Business assets transferred/disposed of with or without consideration 2. If the owner ceases to be a taxable person then his business assets will be assumed to be supplied to him in course of his business – This is not applicable in the following cases: a. Business is transferred to another person b. Business is carried by a taxable representative |
Supply of goods by an unincorporated AOP/BOP for a consideration |
Transfer – Transfer of right in goods without transfer of title
Activities considered as a supply of services as per Schedule II of GST Act |
Land and building 1. Lease, rent, tenancy, easement, licence to occupy land 2. Lease or letting out of the building (Building includes commercial/ industrial/residential complex for business use either wholly or partly) |
Transfer of business assets: The owner uses or allows to use business assets for personal use. |
Construction of a building/complex intended for sale to a buyer wholly or partly |
Temporary transfer or permitting the use of intellectual property right |
Renting of immovable property (Rented residence is exempted from GST) |
Development of information technology software |
Agreeing to refrain from an act – Non-competition agreements |
Transfer of right to use any goods for a consideration |
Any treatment or process which is applied to another person’s goods is a supply of services. |
Activities or transactions treated neither as the sale of goods nor sale of services as per Schedule III of GST Act
Following are the transactions covered under negative list:
Thus, GST law has simplified tax treatment by clearly classifying activities considered as goods/services or transactions considered as neither sale of goods or services.